Exploring how the ancient herb targets modern mental health through multiple biological pathways.
Depression is one of the most prevalent and burdensome mental health conditions worldwide. While modern pharmacological approaches remain the first line of treatment, there is growing interest in natural, plant-based solutions to support emotional well-being. Licorice, a classic herb in traditional medicine systems, is emerging as a promising candidate for complementary mental health care.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) doesn’t use the term "depression" per se but treats its related symptoms like stagnation of liver qi, spleen deficiency, and heart yin insufficiency. Licorice, known as “Gan Cao” (甘草), has been used for centuries to harmonize herbal formulas and calm the spirit.
Recent research reveals that the active compounds in licorice, including flavonoids and triterpenoids, influence key biochemical pathways associated with mood disorders. These findings offer insight into how traditional herbs can align with modern neurobiology.
This article summarizes the emerging evidence and therapeutic mechanisms of licorice in managing depression-related symptoms.
Licorice flavonoids—such as liquiritin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin, and isoliquiritigenin—exhibit antidepressant-like effects in animal models. They regulate various biological targets including:
Glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid modulate the HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal) axis and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. These effects are critical in alleviating chronic stress and mood imbalances.
Though less studied, licorice polysaccharides may impact immune modulation and gut-brain signaling, both of which are implicated in depression.
Licorice extracts affect the levels and activity of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE), which are vital in mood regulation.
Antioxidants in licorice reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation markers (MDA), while increasing protective enzymes like SOD and GSH.
Licorice promotes the expression of Bcl-2 (a cell survival protein), while suppressing caspase-3 and Bax, both associated with programmed cell death.
It reduces inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, potentially alleviating inflammation-induced depressive symptoms.
Licorice can restore intestinal barrier function and improve microbiome balance, which contributes to brain health through the gut-brain axis.
Licorice appears in numerous TCM formulas, such as Xiaoyao San and Gan Mai Da Zao Tang, which are widely used for mood disorders. These formulas leverage licorice’s harmonizing and synergistic properties.
Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional before using herbal supplements for mental health conditions.
